![]() ![]() He increased the volume of traffic along the Bar-le-Duc to Verdun road, later known as the “Sacred Way”, the only route taking men and munitions up to the battlefield. General Pétain then took command of the troops. Despite heavy shelling, the French infantrymen (known as “ Poilus”) clung on to their positions and the Germans were unable to advance any further. The French High Command was anxious to retake the fort because of its dominant position high above the battlefield. In fact, Randolph and Baker, who each had a significant impact during the World War I era, were in Washington, DC, on August 28, 1963.During the first few days, the Germans breached the French front lines and captured Fort Douaumont without a fight on 25 February 1916. Their World War I experiences, and those of other African Americans and the foundations they helped to lay, are linked to the 1960s Civil Rights Movement. The exhibition culminates with a theme titled “On The Horizon” which reintroduces three of the luminary personalities-Mary Church Terrell, A. Luminary and cultural entertainer Josephine Baker and personalities such as writer Langston Hughes and veteran Eugene J. Another significant theme, “Paris Noir,” highlights the impact of African American culture on French culture before, during, but mainly after the war. ![]() Two additional luminaries included in this section are Chicago Defender editor Robert Abbott and politician Oscar De Priest. This assertive spirit was personified in “The New Negro,” whose political thought and creativity are a significant theme within the post-war section. As African Americans realized that President Wilson’s notion of “democracy” did not extend to them, they evolved a collective will to fight back against mob violence rather than turn the other cheek. The interpretations within this section begin by exploring the awards and initial excitement associated with returning heroic black soldiers and the cordial welcome they first received, which quickly turned into the Red Summer, which included more than three-dozen race riots in American cities. Just as the Great War had transformed much of the world, African Americans had been transformed as well. The final (third) section of the exhibition has several more storylines focusing on post-war interpretations. *SPECIAL ONLINE ADDITION: Read an essay by Lisa M. Americans at War: Over There and At Home.During the War Exhibition Topics At War: Over There and At Home Luminaries Charles Young, Mary Church Terrell and Charles Hamilton Houston are highlighted in this section. A concentrated story about “The 369th Infantry Regiment,” better known as the Harlem Hellfighters, is also a focus of this section. Also included are overseas stories about the battlefield experiences of soldiers-one specifically on the treatment of black officers-about Services of Supply (SOS) soldiers, the “Horrors of War,” “Coping on the War Front,” and “Two Colored Women” overseas. The storylines include home front stories, such as “Women Shaping the World,” “The Great Migration” and military service. This centerpiece section has many more storylines and a photo gallery with more than 140 individual images and introduces visitors to the significant contributions black men and women made to World War I. ![]() The main (second) section of the exhibition interprets the war years at home and abroad. The Dawn of War: Segregation, Servitude, and Mob Violence.Pre-war Exhibition Topics Democracy Denied A transition sub-section interprets the global war so that visitors can grasp the essential concept of “World War” and especially its impact on the black Diaspora experience. ![]() This section immerses visitors into the lives of African Americans by addressing several storylines such as military service, separate but equal, mob violence and lynching, and the rise of the NAACP. A pre-war (first) section then spans from the end of the American Civil War (1865) to the American entry into World War I (April 6, 1917). Key to the debate are Du Bois, who called for African Americans to support the war, and Randolph, who encouraged them to refrain from supporting the war. Among those luminaries in this discussion (and highlighted in the first section) are W.E.B. The exhibition begins with a discussion highlighting six of the African American luminaries’ responses to President Woodrow Wilson’s call that “The World Must be Made Safe For Democracy” during his pre-declaration of war speech on April 2, 1917. ![]()
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